Hispanoamericanos e Igualdad Sanitaria

• COVID-19 Hospitalization & Death Rate Ratios: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Risk for COVID-19 Infection, Hospitalization, and Death By Race/Ethnicity, updated May 26, 2021

• Essential workforce: NPR, Why COVID-19 Disproportionately Impacts Latino Communities

• Agricultural workforce: New American Economy, Hispanic Americans in Healthcare and in Essential Roles

• Pandemic job loss: Center for American Progress, Latinos Face Disproportionate Health and Economic Impacts From COVID-19

• Federal Paycheck Protection Program: Laura C. Morel, Mohamed Al Elew, Emily Harris, Alejandra Reyes-Velarde, “Businesses in majority-white communities received PPP loans at higher rates, analysis shows,” Los Angeles Times & Reveal

• Multigenerational households: Pew Research Center, A record 64 million Americans live in multigenerational households

• Language barriers & Boston hospital study: “Boston Hospital Examined Why Latinos Are Especially Vulnerable To COVID,” NPR

• Less likely to have health insurance: KFF, Changes in Health Coverage by Race and Ethnicity since the ACA, 2010-2018

• Immigration status & access to care: STAT, Fearing deportation, many immigrants at higher risk of COVID-19 are afraid to seek testing or care

Solutions for Health Equity:

• Education and anti-racism training in academia and medical school: “Combating Bias in Medicine, Insights from HMS course offer model to counter inequitable care,” Harvard Medical School

• Address racial biases in algorithms and other tools: Obermeyer Z, Powers B, Vogeli C and Mullainathan S. “Dissecting Racial Bias in an Algorithm Used to Manage the Health of Populations.” Science, 36(6464):447-53, October 25, 2019

• Incorporate incentives for improving health outcomes: Chin MH. Creating the Business Case for Achieving Health Equity. J Gen Intern Med. 2016;31(7):792-796. doi:10.1007/s11606-016-3604-7

• Consider accountability standards for unmet metrics: A Practitioner's Guide for Advancing Health Equity - Community Strategies for Preventing Chronic Disease, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

• Invest in community health workers and centers: Presentation by Denise Octavia Smith, Founding Executive Director of the National Association of Community Health Workers, during NIHCM webinar, Community Health Workers & Pharmacists: Their Frontline Role in the Response to COVID-19

• Build and maintain trust by working within the community: Mother Jones, There’s Never Been a More Urgent Moment to Build Black Americans’ Trust in the Medical System, May 8, 2020

• Address social determinants of health, including food and housing security: Kaiser Family Foundation, Beyond Health Care: The Role of Social Determinants in Promoting Health and Health Equity, May 10, 2018

• Address equitable access to clean air, water and land: Aspen Institute, Driving Equitable Access to Water and Public Lands

• Establish initiatives & policies that prioritize equitable access to resources: Promoting Health Equity, A Resource to Help Communities Address Social Determinants of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

• Build capacity for equitable public health emergency preparedness: American Medical Association, 4 ways to integrate equity into public health emergency response

• Increase broadband access: Brookings Institute, Digital prosperity: How broadband can deliver health and equity to all communities

• Improve transportation options to increase accessibility: US Department of Transportation, Health and Equity